Python's standard library provides math module. This module includes many pre-defined functions for performing different mathematical operations. These functions do not work with complex numbers. There is a cmath module contains mathematical functions for complex numbers.
Functions in Math Module
Here is the list of functions available in the math module −
| Sr.No | Method & Description |
|---|---|
| 1 |
acos (x) Return the arc cosine of x, in radians. |
| 2 |
acosh (x) Return the inverse hyperbolic cosine of x. |
| 3 |
asin Return the arc sine of x, in radians. |
| 4 |
asinh (x) Return the inverse hyperbolic sine of x. |
| 5 |
atan Return the arc tangent of x, in radians. |
| 6 |
atan2 Return atan(y/x), in radians. |
| 7 |
atanh (x) Return the inverse hyperbolic tangent of x. |
| 8 |
cbrt (x) Return the cube root of x. |
| 9 |
cell(x) The ceiling of x: the smallest integer not less than x. |
| 10 |
comb (x,y) Return the number of ways to choose x items from y iter repetition and without order. |
| 11 |
copysign(x,y) Return a float with the magnitude of x but the sign of y. |
| 12 |
cos (x) Return the cosine of x radians. |
| 13 |
cosh (x) Return the hyperbolic cosine of x. |
| 14 |
degrees Converts angle x from radians to degrees. |
| 15 |
dist (x,y) Return the Euclidean distance between two points x and y. |
| 16 |
e The mathematical constant e = 2.718281..., to available precision. |
| 17 |
erf (x) Return the error function at x. |
| 18 |
erfc (x) Return the complementary error function at x. |
| 19 |
exp (x) Return e raised to the power x, where e = 2.718281... |
| 20 |
exp2 (x) Return 2 raised to the power x. |
| 21 |
expm1 (x) Return e raised to the power x, minus 1. |
| 22 |
fabs(x) The absolute value of x in float |
| 23 |
factorial(x) Return x factorial as an Integer. |
| 24 |
floor (x) The floor of x: the largest integer not greater than x. |
| 25 |
fmod (x,y) Always returns float, similar to x%y |
| 26 |
frexp (x) Returns the mantissa and exponent for a given number x. |
| 27 |
fsum (iterable) Sum of all numbers in any iterable, returns float. |
| 28 |
gamma (x) Return the Gamma function at x.. |
| 29 |
gcd (x,y,z) Return the greatest common divisor of the specified integer arguments. |
| 30 |
hypot Return the Euclidean norm, sqrt(x*x + y*y). |
| 31 |
inf A floating-point positive infinity. Equivalent to the output of float('inf"). |
| 32 |
isclose (x,y) Return True if the values x and y are close to each other and False otherwise. |
| 33 |
isfinite (x) Returns True if neither an infinity nor a NaN, and False otherwise. |
| 34 |
isinf (x) Return True if x is a positive or negative infinity, and False otherwise. |
| 35 |
isnan (x) Return True if x is a NaN (not a number), and False otherwise. |
| 36 |
isqrt (x) Return the integer square root of the nonnegative integer x |
| 37 |
lcm (x1, x2, ..) Return the least common multiple of the specified integer arguments. |
| 38 |
ldexp (x,y) Return x * (2**y). This is the inverse of function frexp(). |
| 39 |
lgamma (x) Return the natural logarithm of the absolute value of the Gamma function at x. |
| 40 |
log (x) Return the natural logarithm of x (to base e). |
| 41 |
log10 (x) Return the base-10 logarithm of x. |
| 42 |
log1p (x) Return the natural logarithm of 1+x (base e). |
| 43 |
log2 (x) Return the base-2 logarithm of x. |
| 44 |
modf (x) The fractional and integer parts of x in a two-item tuple. Both parts have the same sign as x. The integer part is returned as a float. |
| 45 |
nan A floating-point "not a number" (NaN) value. |
| 46 |
nextafter (x,y) Return the next floating-point value after x towards y. |
| 47 |
perm (x,y) Return the number of ways to choose x items from y items without repetition and with order. |
| 48 |
pi The mathematical constant π = 3.141592..., to available precision. |
| 49 |
pow (x,y) Returns x raised to y |
| 50 |
prod (iterable) Return the product of all the elements in the input iterable. |
| 51 |
radians Converts angle x from degrees to radians. |
| 52 |
remainder (x,y) Returns the remainder of x with respect to y |
| 53 |
sin (x) Return the sine of x radians. |
| 54 |
sinh (x) Return the inverse hyperbolic sine of x. |
| 55 |
sqrt (x) Return the square root of x. |
| 56 |
tan (x) Return the tangent of x radians. |
| 57 |
tanh (x) Return the hyperbolic tangent of x. |
| 58 |
tau The mathematical constant τ = 6.283185..., to available precision. |
| 59 |
trunc (x) Return x with the fractional part removed, leaving the integer part. |
| 60 |
ulp Return the value of the least significant bit of the float x. |
These functions can be classified in following categories −
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